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잃어버린 청력 되돌릴 핵심 유전자 찾았다

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작성자 관리자 작성일22-05-12 16:47 조회1,575회 댓글15건

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잃어버린 청력 되돌릴 핵심 유전자 찾았다

미 연구진, 청각 기능 핵심 유모세포 분화 결정하는 유전자 규명


나이가 들거나 큰 소음에 시달리면 난청이 찾아온다. 성인병이나 항암 치료가 원인이 되기도 한다. 한번 잃은 청력을 되살리기란 거의 불가능하다. 소리를 듣는데 큰 역할을 하는 귀 속 유모세포는 손상을 입으면 재생되지 않기 때문이다. 

유모(有毛)세포(hair cell)는 가는 실(섬모)이 달린 모양의 세포로 달팽이관 안쪽에 있다. 소리는 외이도와 고막을 거쳐 달팽이관에 전달되고, 여기서 전기신호로 변환되어 청신경을 통해 뇌에 전해진다. 달팽이관으로 소리가 지나가면 유모세포에 달린 섬모가 움직이며 전기신호가 발생하는 것이다. 

유모세포는 소리의 진동을 증폭하는 역할을 하는 외유모세포와 증폭된 소리의 진동을 전기신호로 바꿔 신경을 통해 뇌에 전달하는 내유모세포로 다시 나뉜다. 

 

미국 노스웨스턴대학 의대 연구진이 유모세포를 외유모세포와 내유모세포로 각각 자라도록 하는 핵심 유전자를 발견, 학술지 '네이처'에 4일(현지시간) 발표했다. 

유모세포를 재생해 청력을 회복시킬 수 있는 열쇠를 찾은 셈이다. 인공 유모세포를 만드는 것은 지금도 가능하지만, 고유의 기능을 가진 외유모세포와 내유모세포로 분화시키지는 못 하고 있다. 

연구진은 'TBX2'라는 유전자가 유모세포의 분화를 프로그램한다는 것을 발견했다. 이 유전자가 발현하면 내유모세포가, 차단되면 외유모세포가 된다. 먼저 'ATOH1'과 'GF1'이라는 유전자가 달팽이관 내 비(非)유모세포를 유모세포로 바꾸면, 이어 TBX2가 켜지거나 꺼지면서 내유모세포와 외유모세포를 만든다는 것도 발견했다.

유모세포 사이에 있는 지지세포를 다시 프로그래밍 해서 내·외유모세포가 자라도록 하는 것이 목표라고 연구진은 밝혔다. 연구를 이끈 제이미 가르시아-아노베로스 노스웨스턴대 의대 교수는 "연구가 아직 초기 단계이긴 하지만, 향후 내유모세포와 외유모세포를 만드는데 필요한 중요한 도구를 제공할 것"이라고 말했다. 


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